New research being published in the journal Psychology and Aging indicates aging men are usually quite happy and carefree, though this can change as they approach 70.

Researchers from Oregon State and Boston University say reasons for this decrease in happiness vary but usually involve health issues, loss of spouse/friends, or mental decline.

"In general, life gets better as you age in the sense that older adults on average have fewer hassles -- and respond to them better -- than younger adults," said lead study author Carolyn Aldwin, a gerontology professor in the College of Public Health and

Human Sciences at Oregon State University. "And they also experienced more uplifts -- at least, until their mid-70s."
"But once you turn 70, how you react to these hassles changes and may be dependent on your resources or your situation in life," she added.

Researchers looked at 1,315 men ages 53 to 85 via data from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. Men studied were predominantly caucasian, and healthy when the study began in the 1960s. The study sought to investigate emotional reactions of older adults and determine whether three previous (and contradictory) aging "models" had merit.

One model, the "hedonic treadmill model," theorizes happiness or unhappiness has relative stability throughout a lifetime, regardless of assorted obstacles. Another model suggests life gets better as people get older, while the third theory states life gets worse "rapidly" once a person turns 80.

The new study found evidence for all three theories, and depended on whether a person focused on life's "hassles" or "uplifts." Men also appraised these hassles and uplifts in proportion to their age: males noted life was good through their 60s, yet "hassles" started to take over once they entered their 70s.

However, life perception still greatly depends on the individual.

"What we found was that among 80 per cent of the men in the study, the hassles they encounter from their early 50s on tended to decline until they reached about 65 to 70 years of age, and then they rose," Aldwin notes. "Conversely, about 20 per cent of the men perceived experiencing more uplifting events until they turned 65-70 and they begin to decline.

"Some older people continue to find sources of happiness late in life despite dealing with family losses, declining health, or a lack of resources," she continued. "You may lose a parent, but gain a grandchild. The kids may leave the house, but you bask in their accomplishments as adults. You find value in gardening, volunteering, caregiving or civic involvement."
Aldwin also noted that thoughts on aging are neither completely "rosy" or "depressing," though how a person reacts to life's various ups and downs from the ages of 55 to 60 does factor in how they will enter "the fourth age," or the 75-100 stage of existence.
"Who falls into these groups and why can begin to tell us what kind of person ultimately may be happy late in life and who may not," Aldwin said. "Once we find that out, we can begin interventions."

Meanwhile, other studies have found there's still plenty to keep people happy well into their golden years.

For example, a recent study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found maintaining an independent lifestyle and preventing chronic disease was quite simple, and involved staying positive and finding joy in "little things." Another recent study from the Office of National Statistics in the UK detailed how those who lived longer spent more time with friends.

Additionally, a new study published in the Journal of Consumer Research examined the impact of age on happiness in regards to "extraordinary and ordinary life experiences." While young people tend to focus on happiness based on extraordinary experiences, such as travel to foreign lands or skydiving, older people find happiness from the ordinary things in life in addition to the extraordinary.

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• Anticipation

  Right now, today, what are you looking forward to? It could be as simple as getting through chapter one of that novel you've been meaning to read, taking a bubble bath or catching up on a favorite show, Burton says. "But you have to be intentional about creating stuff to look forward to," she adds. "That’s a daily thing, but it’s also looking out into the future -- what [are you] looking forward to next month or what are you doing this winter?"

• Smiling

  "What a lot of people don’t realize is that when you have that full-on smile -- it’s called a Duchenne smile -- when your cheeks are all puffed up and your eyes are twinkling and crinkled, those muscles actually trigger the release of serotonin and endorphins in the brain," Burton explains. Even practicing by saying “Eeee” or putting a pencil in your mouth still triggers the hormonal rush. "There’s research around those who have the full-on smile," Burton adds. "If you follow them for 25 to 30 years, or even until they die, you’ll find that they live longer, they were more likely to get married and they were more likely to say their marriages were happy."

• Service

  It’s really hard to be truly happy without serving others. "The most depressed people are the ones who always focus on themselves," Burton says. "You can think yourself into a depression by constantly thinking about what’s going on in your life that you wish were different." Instead, focus on acts of service as simple as saying something really kind to someone or opening the door for them. Think about who just had a baby that you can maybe cook a meal for. "When you put it in the context of our media today -- social media -- it’s about all telling everybody what’s going on in your life," Burton says. "When we direct some of that attention outward, you’re going to feel happier. This is not just about volunteer work ... this is about waking up in the morning and, in addition to asking, 'What am I looking forward to today?' ask [instead], 'Who can I bless today?'”

• Play

  "One of the important aspects of play is that it’s not about productivity," Burton says. "You play because it’s fun; you don’t play because you’re going to get something done at the end of [it]. Play also helps you relax because you can’t multitask and play at the same time."

• Financial Savvy

  They say money won’t buy happiness, but in a lot of ways, money can make you happier, according to Burton. "If you’re making $15 thousand a year and then all of a sudden you’re making $45 thousand, you’re going to be dramatically happier."

  But there's a secret to happiness through money, Burton says: One, live below your means. "If you can widen that gap between what you owe every month and what you need to spend to live, and what you have, you’re going to increase your happiness," she says. And two, situate yourself in an environment where you feel like you're doing better than average. "Buying the biggest house you qualify for is pretty bad for your happiness, but moving in a neighborhood that is very comfortable to afford, where you don’t feel like you’re constantly trying to reach up to where everyone else is, that going to boost your happiness," Burton explains. "Buy experiences instead of buying things."

• Connection

  By 1 p.m., most people have probably talked to more people by text and email than they have in person. "Where we’ve started to lose out is, we’ve started to replace texting and emails and Facebook with real conversation," Burton says. But maintaining a sense of connection is critical. "There are things that we get from touch, from visually seeing people; there’s communication that happens that can’t happen via technology." Connecting in person allows you to be a little more vulnerable, she adds. "In our culture today, we like to put on a facade ... but it’s very difficult to connect with people when you insist that your image be perfect."

• Gratitude

  Writing down the things that you’re grateful for has been shown to boost your immune system so you’re less likely to get sick and you sleep better. But according to Burton, "gratitude [also] counteracts something that psychologists call the hedonic treadmill, which is just [the idea] that we’re very poor predictors of what actually makes us happy." That means we get the promotion, the new house, the thing we desperately wanted, but then we get used to it, and simply adjust. "We adapt to continually improving circumstances, but then we get used to it, so we want something more," she says. Gratitude helps us stay in a place of remembering. "Try to go back to where you were when you wanted to have the stuff you have now," Burton suggests.
  You might also try writing a gratitude letter, being intentional about thanking people for the ways in which they’ve impacted your life.

• Flow

  This trigger is all about your ability to fully engage in what’s going on around you. "Being in flow is that period where you almost lose track of time because you’re so engaged in what it is that you’re doing," Burton explains. "Flow is that point where your skill level or your ability matches the challenge in front of you. If the challenge is too big, you become frustrated ... if the challenge is too low, you become bored. But that perfect match of ability and challenge is where flow happens."

• Relaxation

  Of all the things that help us trigger happiness, Burton says relaxation tends to rank the lowest. Perhaps that because of our misunderstanding of what relaxation is. "Rest is a part of that -- taking breaks, taking vacation -- but also your ability to let go; from a spiritually perspective, trusting that God has your back," Burton explains. "Maybe things may not work out the way you thought they should, but that they will unfold and you’ll be okay. Being able to relax in your decision … is a part of relaxation."

• Winning Words

  When you see words like "love" or "yes," your brain does something different than when you see words like "no," Burton explains. Positive words actually release so-called happy hormones in the brain. But using winning words to trigger happiness also hinges on how you tell your story. "How do you describe your situation to people?" Burton asks. "Even when I went through very difficult things -- I went through a divorce -- I was very intentional about how I talked about it. Even when you don’t believe it in that moment, it changes how you feel when you speak words that are hopeful." Winning words is about learning to be more optimistic in how you speak, she says, suggesting doing so in the present tense: “I am happy. I am healthy. I am strong. I have energy.”

• Movement

  It’s been proven that a href="http://psychcentral.com/news/2013/05/11/new-guidelines-for-using-exercise-as-an-antidepressant/54728.html" target="_blank"cardiovascular activity can be as effective as antidepressants in people suffering from mild depression/a. "I like to think of movement as a happiness trigger more than I think of it as exercise," Burton says. And while spin class is great, you can also take a walk in the park with a friend, dance in your living room or do five to 10 minutes of jumping jacks right in your office, she suggests.

• Savoring

  According to Burton, You can savor in three ways -- you can savor the past, the present or the future. But this trigger is all about noticing the moment, while you are there. "Savoring is slowing down and noticing it while it’s happening," she says.

• Purpose

  With all of that said, obsessing over how to be happy is not going to help you get there any faster. "When you over-focus on what’s going to make you happy, you end up making your decisions based on pleasure and purely based on what’s going to make you happy at that moment," Burton says. Try not to make every choice based on which thing you're going to be happier doing; otherwise, you run the risk of living a very short-sighted life, she says.